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Book Review: David Cable – Hydraulics in the West

The early years of the diesel hydraulics in the west of England weren’t covered that well by photographers. With steam banished west of Exeter as early as 1962. most railway photographers spent the next six year chasing the remaining “kettles” in other parts of the country, leaving the early years of fully dieselised areas under-recorded. A pity, because this was a fascinating era, with much of the old steam-era railway surviving with little change other than the presence of diesel locomotives at the front of the trains. Which is why a book like this is very welcome indeed.

All the diesel-hydraulic classes feature quite extensively with the exception of the class 14s, with Warships and D6300s featuring particularly heavily. A few of the photos leave something to be desired on a purely technical level. With quite a few grainy photos, faded negatives and shadow-side shots this is not a book to blow many people away with stunning photography. But it more than makes up for this with the historical interest, which is surely why those less-than-perfect images were included. This isn’t to say all the pictures are poor; I love the atmospheric shot of a Warship on china clay coming round the curve from St.Blazey at Par. There are one or two howlers in the captions too; at one point, what’s described as a parcels train looks remarkably like a couple of breakdown train tool vans to me.

The vast majority of photos date from the 1960s, showing not just the express passenger workings on the West of England Main Line, but a lot of freight and branch-line workings that far too many photographers ignored. There are plenty of photos showing all or most of the train formation rather than the standard three-quarters views of the loco. This sort of thing is very useful for modellers; in the early 60s many second-string passenger workings used a real mix of pre-nationalisation coaching stock rather than uniform Mk1s. There’s even the odd pre-grouping vehicle in one photo of a SR Plymouth to Exeter working! There’s some real oddballs here too. How about a six-car “Silver Pullman” piloted over the south Devon banks with a Western? In the snow, as well. Or a rake of 1960s Metro-Cammell Pullmans in umber and cream at Truro behind a maroon Warship?

Some very interesting shots on the branches. Not only have we got D600s on china clay workings, but D6300s on the Kingsbridge and Helston branches during that brief period between the end of steam and complete closure. One that gets me is double-headed D6300s on the St Ives branch, looking for all the world as if it’s the West Highland line in Scotland until you look closely and realise the two North British locomotives aren’t class 21s but their diesel-hydraulic equivalents.

If you want a book filled entirely of technically stunning photos, you may well have reservations about this volume. But if you’re interested in a rather neglected period of British railway history, especially if you’re modelling that era, this book is for you.

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Hydraulic vs. Electric – The Battle for the BR Diesel Fleet

There are two prevailing myths about the Western Region’s diesel hydraulics locomotives. The first, propagated by partisan anti-Swindon types is that the whole project was a disastrous failure motivated by ex-GWR types wanting to be different purely for the sake of it. The second, propagated by Swindon’s own fans, is that the decision to phase out the diesel-hydraulics was a purely political one, intended to curb the Western Region’s independent spirit.

Written with the assistance of senior engineers from both BR’s Western Region, and from Voith, in this book David Clough attempts to reveal the some of the truth behind the myths. The story that emerges turns out to be a lot more complex.

David Clough starts with the early history of diesel traction in the UK, going back to the days of the Big Four and covering technological dead-ends such as the GWR gas turbines and infamous Fell diesel-mechanical No 10100, which gets an entire chapter all to itself. We then get an overview of the experience of diesel-hydraulics in Germany, which gives us the background to the choices faced by British Railways in 1955 when they decided to embark on a crash course of dieselisation.

The meat of the book covers the design and service lives of the locomotives themselves, comparing the Western Region’s hydraulic fleet with the equivalent diesel-electrics delivered to other regions, and later to the Western Region itself. A major conclusion is that, despite what’s often been written, there’s little evidence of any inherent superiority for either diesel-electrics or diesel-hydraulics transmissions, and there was a much greater difference between successful and unsuccessful designs with the same type of transmission. Of the diesel-hydraulic designs, the Westerns come in for a lot of criticism over design flaws that dogged them throughout their lives, and it’s suggested that this is a major cause of the diesel-hydraulic’s poor reputation in some quarters. In contrast, the Hymeks in particular emerge as successful and reliable locomotives, bettered in their power class only by English Electric’s class 37s.

Some of the less successful diesel-electric classes get off lightly. The ill-fated North British class 21s do get a mention, along with the fact that some got rebuilt at great cost with Paxman engines only to be outlived by their hydraulic equivalents equipped with troublesome original MANs right to the end. But the failure of classes like the Metrovick Co-Bos and the Baby Deltics is rather glossed over, and the fiasco of the Clayton class 17s, which numbered over 100 yet had shorter lives than any hydraulic classes doesn’t even get a mention. The class 24s/25s, numbering over four hundred yet withdrawn after working lives of under 20 years, little more than the longer-lived hydraulics, only get mentioned in passing.

In the end, the real reason for the premature withdrawal of the Western Region’s diesel hydraulics turns out to be a matter of economics rather than politics. The Beeching closures of the mid-60s left the railway with far more locomotives than were needed, and it made economic sense to rationalise both the number of types, and close some works, including Swindon. Had things panned out differently, it’s not inconceivable that some classes, most notably the Hymeks, might have had considerably longer working lives. Some of their German equivalents are still in traffic today.

The book recognises that the story doesn’t end with the withdrawal of the last of the “Westerns” in 1977, but continues into the following decades with the widespread adoption of hydraulic transmissions for the second generation of multiple units. Indeed, the author notes how experiences with the “Westerns” influenced the design of the 125mph class 180 “Adelantes” a generation later. It closes with the fact that diesel-hydraulic locomotives are still being built in Germany, and the age of the hydraulic is far from over.

As is typical in large-format books from this publisher, it’s extensively illustrated, with something like 150 black and white photos, mostly from the 1960s and 1970s.

Available from the Ian Allen website.

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